History
Titahi ('One Cabbage Tree'*) Bay has a fascinating and rich history. Below are some aspects of this history. We would be delighted if you had more to add - please get in touch:
*Do you have reasons to prefer a different translation? Let us know and we will include it.
Settlement of Titahi Bay
Early History and Māori Legend
Māori legend tells us that the Polynesian navigator Kupe landed at Komanga Point, 3 kilometres west of Titahi Bay in the 10th Century, leaving an anchor stone, Te Punga o Matahorua, which today can be seen at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
The Bay area was settled by Māori before the arrival of Europeans and several pa sites are located nearby. Titahi Bay began its life as a series of fishing villages and pa for Ngati Ira making it one of the largest and oldest suburbs in Porirua City. The peninsula of Whitireia was the site of extensive gardening which contributed to the wealth of food already available from nearby forests. Ngati Ira built many pa in the area, including one at Komanga Point and another at Te Pa o Kapo. Te Pa o Kapo is still mostly intact and can be visited with easy access from Terrace Road.
The wider Bay area was the site of many inter-iwi conflicts, notably in the 1820s, when Ngati Toa led by Te Rauparaha and his nephew, Te Rangihaeata, invaded the area and the survivors from Ngati Ira fled to the Wairarapa and South Island.
Arriving shortly after, the first European residents were whalers, who set up three whaling stations around the Porirua region, including Thom's Station where Ngati Toa Domain is now, and Korohiwa (or Coalheavers) which was halfway between Titahi Bay and Komanga Point.
As increasing numbers of settlers arrived from Britain, conflict between Europeans and Ngati Toa over land increased. On 23 July 1846, Te Rauparaha was seized at Taupo Pa in Plimmerton and soon after Te Rangihaeata was forced to retreat into the Horowhenua after a fight between him, his men of Ngati Toa and Government troops at Battle Hill.
Today, Porirua Arena bears Te Rauparaha's name.
William Jillet was one of the earliest European farmers in the area, arriving in 1864, and he has often been called the ‘true pioneer’ of Titahi Bay. Jillet started up a horse-drawn ‘bus’ service from the Bay to Porirua and became the first postmaster in 1902.
Titahi Bay was also the point where the telegraph and telephone cables from across Cook Strait came ashore and the old cable house still exists (now a private home).
Mana Island Lookout (south end of Terrace Road) has fantastic views over the Strait and to Mana Island, first visited by Kupe, which is now an offshore wildlife sanctuary.
Early 1900's
From the 1920's real estate and holiday brochures promoted Titahi Bay's 'broad, deep sweep of sandy beach' as a natural and healthy destination. Most of these early holiday-makers would catch the train to Porirua and then the horse bus to the Bay. It is believed that the first bach was built in Christmas of 1900 by the Sievers family.
They were soon followed by businessmen from Wellington and Manawatu. Mrs Thornley, who from 1903 ran the Titahi Bay Club Hotel for thirty years, had a couple of cottages to let. The Titahi Bay Club Hotel provided accommodation and tearoom facilities throughout the twenties. Mrs Thornley’s son continued the business along with a little ‘sly-grogging’. After the Second World War, it was run as a nightclub. The Club was finally demolished in 1953.
1940 Housing Shortages - bring in the Austrians!
In the late 1940's, following the end of World War II and the baby boom, there was a drastic housing shortage in New Zealand. Over 45,000 people were on a state housing waiting list. In 1952, to solve this problem, the Government decided to import 1000 pre cut houses to New Zealand. Five hundred of these houses were to be built in Titahi Bay. As New Zealand was also suffering from a lack of experienced builders, 194 tradesmen from Austria accompanied the houses to build them. Many of these Austrians remained in the Bay and the houses are still referred to as the Austrian State Houses.
Swinging 60's
It wasn't until the 1960's that community development began in earnest. The 1960's were a boom time for Titahi Bay with the Titahi Bay Road providing better access to the Bay, new houses being built and everything growing – from the shopping centre and sports clubs, to children, teenagers and school rolls. Titahi Bay residents had to campaign hard during the 60's to ensure the community received the basic services and amenities it required from central and local government.
Let's Talk Sewage...
There were a number of significant events beginning in the 1960's, including the construction of the sewage treatment plant. In 1960 the main truck sewer was tunnelled through the bluff at the south end of the Bay to the outfall site. But, to residents’ horror, in certain weather conditions sewage drifted back towards the beach. By the 1980's the Porirua City Council was advising people not to swim in the water. In 1986 construction on the $26 million sewage treatment plant began and it was opened in 1989 by then Prime Minister David Lange and hailed as one of the most technically advanced systems around. The plant has since been substantially upgraded even further.
1970's onwards and upwards
The 1970's were the busiest years for the Whitehouse Rd shopping centre with about 20 stores including the fruit supply, butchery, pharmacy, dairy, post office, hardware and stationary and gift store. Due to a combination of factors, including the arrival of a giant shopping mall in Porirua City, the centre struggled to survive in the late 1980's. Another nail in the coffin was the closure of the Postbank in 1993 and many other stores followed suit. Residents and retailers work hard to keep their local shopping centre vital.
Today Titahi Bay shopping centre includes a busy branch library, a pharmacy, a small supermarket, several other dairies, a bakery, a pub, a couple of fish and chips shops, a hairdressers and a craft brewery.
Fossilised Forest
Below the surface of Titahi Bay Beach lies an ancient forest...

Photo by Judy Tuck
At low tide at Titahi Bay Beach you can see the remains of a forest that grew here about 100,000 years ago. The forest was a mix of rimu, totara and kahikatea and most likely nikau palms, tree ferns, sedge, flax and raupo, with the size of the stumps showing that the trees grew to a large size. The petrification process that, over a long time, created the fossil wood has preserved the structure of the original trees.
The forest fossilized in situ, meaning that this was where it grew, rather than being transported from somewhere else. The trees grew in a swampy environment during the last warm Inter-glacial period, then the climate warmed and seawater flooded the vegetation and caused sediment to accumulate around the remaining larger vegetation types, promoting preservation. The broken off tree stumps on the beach today may have been buried by many metres of sediment with the sea level rising considerably higher than today.
Sea level rises since fossilisation has eroded the coastline and uncovered the fossil beds. The fossil trees sit in old gravelly, silt and peat beds that are around 10 metres deep and are underlain by a deeper greywacke basement - the same rock as in the headlands of the Bay.
The tree stumps along the entire beach are only clearly exposed for extended periods about once every ten years. Conserving the fossil forest is important as it provides clues as to what the climate was like and how forests grew 100,000 years ago. The best time to see the fossil forest is at low tide during spring when northwest storms have scoured sand from the beach.
Boatsheds
The first boatsheds built at Titahi Bay beach were on the rocks at the north end of the beach and were originally known as launch sheds. Launch shed No. 1 was built by Andrew Vella in 1916 for the launch he used to access his farm on Mana Island. Vella operated a 14' launch which he used to carry stock supplies to and from Mana Island. Two years later, a second shed was built by Eric Johnston a keen fisherman and skipper of the boat Tupati. Mr Johnston was known to give his catches away to locals from his boatshed.
Between 1916 and 1922 there were 20 sheds built on the rocks. From 1918 onwards Makara County Council required boat and bathing shed owners to pay an annual license fee. Sixteen bathing sheds were allotted over the 1918 summer season for the fee of five shillings.
In 1922 the Council imposed bylaws governing erection and use of sheds and building permits were needed. Prior to this any structures could be built without local authority control and the sheds on the rocks are evidence of this. The sheds on the beach built prior to 1922 were of differing styles but these were later standardised.
Northern Boatsheds
The northern boatsheds and bathing sheds were built from c.1922 to the 1950s. In 1949 a report by the building inspector, Bill Threadingham, described the sheds as eyesores and noted that there was not one that did not need painting or repairs. The report also highlighted that of the 30 sheds licensed in 1948, four were owned by non-ratepayers, nine occupied more than one site and five boatsheds were not being used by the supposed owners of the sheds. The report went on to suggest that the number of boatsheds on the beach could be increased if they were standardized in size and design and built in one continuous row. Letters were sent to all the owners asking them to either demolish or rebuild their sheds to a specified design to improve the look of the foreshore and by 1953 many of the boatsheds had been rebuilt to the standardised design.
Southern Boatsheds
It is unclear when the southern bay boatsheds were built, although photographs from the Alexander Turnbull Library show some sheds in the 1920s and 1930s but these may have been temporary as they do not appear in a 1950 image. It would appear that they were constructed after the 1950 edict requiring the standardizing of designs, scale and size because they all appear to be of very similar design, materials, unlike those on the rocks the northern end of the beach.
Today, the boatsheds are established beach landmarks and still in regular use.
(We would like to include a history of the Onepoto boatsheds. If you could contribute that, please contact us.)
World War II Camp
Porirua was home to almost 8,000 United States Marines during World War II. A camp housing 1500 military personnel was built in Titahi Bay on land that had previously been used as a golf course.
The Public Works Department built the camps with many of the buildings pre-fabricated in the South Island and then transported to the camps by the New Zealand Army. The Marines brought their own tents but local carpenters installed wooden floors for them. The tents housed between four and nine men. The huts tended to be used as infirmaries, or for storage of supplies...
Titahi Bay Camp had platoons from the "Special Troops" stationed there, including the Special Weapons Battalion, the Second Tank Battalion, the Second Parachute Battalion and the Second Scout Company who trained on the coasts of Titahi Bay, Porirua and Makara. The Officers' Mess was in the building today used by Titahi Bay Library.
From January 1943, Marines began arriving in the local camps for ‘R&R’, (rest and recreation), after fighting in the battles of Guadalcanal. Although their "liberty" was mostly spent in Wellington, the soldiers did have contact with the locals.
Pataka Museum's Oral History Collection
Pataka's oral history collection includes many interviews with locals who recalled the impact the Marines had on the District. They recall how they livened the place up, especially when they provided their own bands for the local dances – bringing a taste of the big band music epitomised by Glen Miller. The Cabaret in Titahi Bay was particularly popular, for those who could get in.
Many people recall the Marines generosity with gifts of tinned fruit and sugar, chocolates, cigarettes, flowers, and even petrol. The Marines didn't like the smell of mutton, were surprised that they couldn’t find hamburgers and milkshakes and loved the quality of New Zealand ice-cream and milk. One man recalled how the Marines were the first to eat fish and chips in the street, straight from the packet, something not seen before in Porirua.
People also recalled how young the Marines were. Some were only sixteen or seventeen years old. Marines would be invited into people’s homes for dinner and a night's entertainment and they would often talk about their life back home. Some of the Marines would continue to write letters after the war to people they had stayed with, although many were killed at the battle for Tarawa Atoll in November 1943.
The Marines boosted the local economy with their use of taxis and local shops. Local women earned extra money by taking in their laundry.
When the Marines left the Porirua area (c1943), orders were given to dump and bury their equipment in huge pits, large enough to take machinery, jeeps and clothing. The Marines left their property behind if it didn't meet combat standards or wasn’t needed in the tropics. Locals recalled that some of the equipment being buried was brand new and still in the original covers. Kitchen utensils, such as buckets, and wool-lined jackets were particularly prized. Guards were stationed at the pits but they often allowed locals to take away what they could. Te Pene Avenue in Titahi Bay was one of the sites where the pits were located.
Once the camps were evacuated by the Marines, they were handed back to the control of the New Zealand Army in 1944.
(Information provided by Ruth Barrett, Local History Librarian at Porirua Central Library.)
Our Austrian Heritage
Under a Labour government, the state had been both land developer and builder of state owned homes. When the National Party took over the government in 1949 they wished to promote private home ownership. As it turned out, the private sector proved incapable of filling the need and the housing situation was just short of desperate.
So the government decided to prompt the local industry into stepping up their construction of low-cost housing by allowing the importation of houses. In 1952 the then Minister of Housing, the Hon W.S.Goosman, gave the green light for 1000 prefabricated houses to be bought overseas, 500 of them from Austria. The connection to Austria came about because New Zealand firm Unibuild Construction Ltd was linked to Thermal Insulation Ltd (England) which in turn had an Austrian afilliate: Thermobau.
The Houses
Although the houses imported for construction in Titahi Bay were pre-cut and manufactured with Austrian timber in Austria, they were designed in New Zealand. In 1936, Arthur Tyndall became Director of Housing. He engaged a town planner and two architects (one of whom happened to be Austrian - Ernst Plischke). This talented team became instrumental in designing mass housing which was economical to build whilst also providing a healthy standard of living for its occupants.
When the Austrian saw-mills received the order for manufacturing the houses, they also received tried and tested blueprints. The kit sets were transported to New Zealand on the SS Aida Lauro and SS Polonia arriving in February 1953.
The construction of the Austrian houses in Titahi Bay turned out to be a great success. They were well designed and solidly built. They still form a distinct and unique neighbourhood of Porirua City and now, sixty years on, many of the original residents still live in them.
The ploy of animating the local building industry failed, but it helped to alleviate the housing shortage of the day and opened a window to a fascinating new world for a number of young Austrian men whose descendants live in the Bay area to this day.
(Excerpts kindly taken with permission from the publication: 'Osterreichische Einwanderer in Neuseeland 1953-1955 - Austrian Immigrants in 1950's New Zealand' by Wolfgang Passl (aka Joe Paul), translated by Angelika Schonegger.)
(We would like to add some other histories of the area - the radio station and its masts, early state housing, and the whaling station that was near the existing sewage plant. If you could contribute this, please contact us.)